Protein shakes in weight loss
M. Keller. Nolan-Clark. Obesity research -- limitations of methods, measurements, and medications. (2015) Strategies for the prevention of knee osteoarthritis. (2016) Adherence to low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets in relation to weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors. CrossRef 176 Edmund Huang, Michael Shye, David Elashoff, Alireza Mehrnia, Suphamai Bunnapradist. (2015) The Influence on Population Weight Gain and Obesity of the Macronutrient Composition and Energy Density of the Food Supply. Scott Lapinski, Mariana Lazo, John H. CrossRef 193 T. Siri-Tarino. (2014) Factors associated with choice of a low-fat or low-carbohydrate diet during a behavioral weight loss intervention. CrossRef 182 Mariana Verdelho Machado, Helena Cortez-Pinto. B. Figure 2 Mean Changes in Body Weight and Waist Circumference at Various Time Points. Amankwaah, Katherene Osei-Boadi Anguah, Ashley Jacobs, Blake L. CrossRef 36 A. CrossRef 170 N Germain, B Galusca, D Caron-Dorval, J-F Martin, E Pujos-Guillot, Y Boirie, Y Khalfallah, Y Ling, J S Minnion, S R Bloom, J Epelbaum, B Estour. (2014) The low-carbohydrate diet and cardiovascular risk factors: Evidence from epidemiologic studies. 3 kg per month of regained weight 34 and a rate of 0. CrossRef 112 Ulf Elbelt, Tatjana Schuetz, Nina Knoll, Silke Burkert. Popular diets and over-the-counter dietary aids and their effectiveness in managing obesity. CrossRef 117 William H Dietz, Louise A Baur, Kevin Hall, Rebecca M Puhl, Elsie M Taveras, Ricardo Uauy, Peter Kopelman. (2014) Energy intake and obesity: Ingestive frequency outweighs portion size. Appetite. (2016) Tracking food intake as bites: Effects on cognitive resources, eating enjoyment, and self-control. 2014. Alternatives for macronutrient intake and chronic disease: a comparison of the OmniHeart diets with popular diets and with dietary recommendations. CrossRef 26 John Grizzanti, Hyoung-Gon Lee, Antoni Camins, Merce Pallas, Gemma Casadesus. e1-1242. R. A low-carbohydrate as compared with a low-fat diet in severe obesity. (2016) Moderate Alcohol Consumption and Chronic Disease: The Case for a Long-Term Trial. Lipworth, E. CrossRef 179 Richard Mattes. Nickols-Richardson. (2015) Long-term adherence to the New Nordic Diet and the effects on body weight, anthropometry and blood pressure: a 12-month follow-up study. (2014) Management of fatty liver disease with the metabolic syndrome. CrossRef 9 Michelle Crino, Gary Sacks, Jason H. K. (2014) Weight loss maintenance in overweight subjects on ad libitum diets with high or low protein content and glycemic index: the DIOGENES trial 12-month results. CrossRef 101 Vivek Kumbhari, Andreas Oberbach, Ashish Nimgaonkar. (2015) Saturated Fats Versus Polyunsaturated Fats Versus Carbohydrates for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes were also analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle, with zero change from baseline imputed for missing data. 2015. Perri. CrossRef 23 Sunita M. (2014) A randomized trial to manipulate the quality instead of quantity of dietary proteins to influence the markers of satiety. E. Gosby, A. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications 28, 547-552. Reported energy intakes and physical activity were similar among the diet groups. Sainsbury, I. He, L. Calvar, F. Turner, William S. Comparison of a low carbohydrate and low fat diet for weight maintenance in overweight or obese adults enrolled in a clinical weight management program. 1,2,26 Investigators and staff who measured outcomes were unaware of the diet assignment of the participants. (2014) Impact of dietary macronutrient distribution on BMI and cardiometabolic outcomes in overweight and obese children and adolescents: a systematic review. (2015) Dietary restriction in moderately obese rats improves body size and glucose handling without the renal and hepatic alterations observed with a high-protein diet. The reported intakes represented differences from target levels of fat, protein, and carbohydrate intake of 8. CrossRef 167 (2014) Chapter 1 Assessment and Risk Management of Menopausal Women. 2016. A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies. (2016) Endoscopic Devices for Obesity. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases 12:9, 1640-1645. 67-kg weight loss as an effect of the level of protein or fat in the diet over the 2-year period, assuming a withdrawal rate of 40%. , provided a body-weight measurement at 2 years) (Fig. 2016. 2015. Citing Articles 1 Goreti Botelho, Sara Canas, Jorge Lameiras. Xavier Pi-Sunyer, June Stevens, Victor J. Overall, these findings with respect to adherence to macronutrient goals suggest that participants in weight-loss programs revert to their customary macronutrient intakes over time but may nonetheless be able to maintain weight loss. (2014) Diet and lifestyle interventions on lipids: combination with genomics and metabolomics. Gene-Diet Interaction and Weight Management. CrossRef 161 B. CrossRef 57 Lorayne Robertson, Joli Scheidler-Benns. (2014) Does the type of weight loss diet affect who participates in a behavioral weight loss intervention. Thus, the participants assigned to an average-protein or high-fat diet did not have to change their customary level of dietary protein and fat very much and could focus more on reducing dietary intake. D. Stone. (2014) Low carbohydrate diets: going against the grain. 2, and 14. CrossRef 138 R. Potential of Diet and Dietary Supplementation to Ameliorate the Chronic Clinical Perturbations of Metabolic Syndrome. KALMAN. S. (2016) Predictors of weight regain in patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. A Delicious Way to Maintain the Atkins Lifestyle All Through the Day. Heath, Kim C. Bloom. 2014. (2014) Efficacy of higher protein diets for long-term weight control. e19. (2014) Eating patterns, diet quality and energy balance: An introduction to an international conference. Benefits of lifestyle modification in the pharmacologic treatment of obesity: a randomized trial. (2014) Diet during Pregnancy and Gestational Weight Gain. Wing, Terry Davidson, Leonard Epstein, Bret Goodpaster, Kevin D. King, A. CrossRef 58 David Houghton, Christopher Stewart, Christopher Day, Michael Trenell. 28 Several recent trials have also shown that continued contact with participants after weight loss is associated with less regain. Protein and fat intakes overlapped among the groups. Kuchenbecker, Annemieke Hoek. L. Hu, L. Ebbert. Evans, R. Rana, Loki Natarajan. Genomics, Proteomics and Metabolomics in Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, 41-52. Levine, Stella Savarimuthu, Allison Squires, Joseph Nicholson, Melanie Jay. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 36:9, S6-S15. Jones, Penny Kris-Etherton, Geeta Sikand, Ralph La Forge, Stephen R. Genotype Modifies Effect of a Weight-Loss Diet on 2-Year Changes of Insulin Resistance: The POUNDS LOST Trial. CrossRef 91 Daniela Lucini, Giovanna Cesana, Chiara Vigo, Mara Malacarne, Massimo Pagani. Only two trials have reported dietary intake beyond 1 year, 12,26 and one of them provided foods to the participants. Astrup, S. (2016) A randomized pilot study of dietary treatments for polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents. Stefanadis,. Tapsell. Phillips. Slavin, Svetlana Zivanovic. CrossRef 54 Roger A. 2 percentage points, respectively, at 2 years. 1 in the Supplementary Appendix ). Krauss. CrossRef 30 Xianwen Shang, David Scott, Allison Hodge, Dallas R. (2016) The Role of Macronutrient Content in the Diet for Weight Management. (2016) Exposing the exposures responsible for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Meta-analysis: the effect of dietary counseling for weight loss. They were informed that the study would be comparing diets with different fat, protein, and carbohydrate contents and that they would be assigned a diet at random. 5 kg of body weight and 0. Farrell. Coffman, Stephanie Mayer, William S. Pace, Sheila E. Comparison of 4 diets of varying glycemic load on weight loss and cardiovascular risk reduction in overweight and obese young adults: a randomized controlled trial. M. C. Sharma. CrossRef 177 Megan L Gow, Mandy Ho, Tracy L Burrows, Louise A Baur, Laura Stewart, Melinda J Hutchesson, Chris T Cowell, Clare E Collins, Sarah P Garnett. (2014) Effects of dietary factors on energy regulation: Consideration of multiple- versus single-dietary-factor models. CrossRef 174 Richard D. (2016) Functionality of Sugars in Foods and Health. The diets improved lipid risk factors and fasting insulin levels in the directions that would be expected on the basis of macronutrient content. CrossRef 105 Lee Hooper, Asmaa Abdelhamid, Diane Bunn, Tracey Brown, Carolyn D Summerbell, C Murray Skeaff, Lee Hooper. CrossRef 189 Stuart M. Dhurandhar. The Molecular Nutrition of Amino Acids and Proteins, 221-232. CrossRef 10 Tomomi Yamazaki, Sumire Okawa, Mayumi Takahashi. CrossRef 35 Naji Alamuddin, Thomas A. A comparison of participants for a plant-based diet versus a standard diet trial. Thus, a low-fat intake of 25% was associated with increased weight loss in the low-fat groups but not in the high-fat groups, and a high-protein intake of 24 to 25% was associated with increased weight loss in the high-protein groups but not in the average-protein groups. (2015) Weight Loss Is a Useful Therapeutic Objective. South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition 28:1, 38-43. A. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 38:6, 555-610. Nickols-Richardson. Li, P. 02-5215. 2017. Effect of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials. Obesity Management for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. 2017. e. Random assignments to one of four diet groups were generated by the data manager at the coordinating center on request of a study dietitian, after eligibility of a participant was confirmed. Changes from baseline differed among the diet groups by less than 0. Daily meal plans in 2-week blocks were provided (see the Supplementary Appendix ). CrossRef 198 A. Sacks, Wanda J. Wingard, Sara Wilcox, Edward A. Sidney Barritt, Yvon Calmus, Olivier Scatton, Thomas Runge, Pascal Lebray, Thierry Poynard, Vlad Ratziu, Filomena Conti. Roos, Nigel K. The study had a large sample, a high rate of retention, and the sensitivity to detect small changes in weight. Study participants who attended two thirds of the sessions over the course of 2 years lost about 9 kg of weight. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 43:1, 145-158. Tan, Stephen R. Bethesda, MD: National Cholesterol Education Program, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 2002. Thompson. CrossRef 27 P. CrossRef 151 Mitsuyoshi Takahara, Iichiro Shimomura. Byrne. Nonas, F. A randomized controlled trial of a moderate-fat, low-energy diet compared with a low fat, low-energy diet for weight loss in overweight adults. CrossRef 191 I-Chi Cheng, Shu-Chen Wei, Sung-Ling Yeh, Weu Wang. (2015) Longevity and skeletal muscle mass: the role of IGF signalling, the sirtuins, dietary restriction and protein intake. Aukema. Jouret, R. Media in This Article Poll Results Contributors Figure 1 Mean Change in Body Weight and Waist Circumference from Baseline to 2 Years According to Dietary Macronutrient Content. McCarthy. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 114, 734-760. Effect of normal-fat diets, either medium or high in protein, on body weight in overweight subjects: a randomised 1-year trial. CrossRef 50 Deepinder Goyal, Rabindra R. 2015. Hu, L. Participants Our goal was to recruit 800 overweight and obese subjects (400 at each site), of whom about 40% would be men. ) 36 Mensink RP, Zock PL, Kester AD, Katan MB. (2015) Effects of nutrition education on weight gain prevention: a randomized controlled trial. Ito, Harold E. CrossRef 168 Lu Qi. The study was approved by the human subjects committee at each institution and by a data and safety monitoring board appointed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Dietary fat is not a major determinant of body fat. The mean differences among the groups in fat, carbohydrate, or protein intake at 6 months were nevertheless often greater than those in several previous trials comparing diets for weight loss. (2014) Incidence of Conversion to Active Waitlist Status Among Temporarily Inactive Obese Renal Transplant Candidates. Laitner, Michael G. Wadden. Seimon, N. 12,24,37,38 These findings together point to behavioral factors rather than macronutrient metabolism as the main influences on weight loss. CrossRef 164 Deirdre Tobias, Wei Bao. The participants who completed the study had a mean weight loss of 6. Carbohydrate restricted diets high in either monounsaturated fat or protein are equally effective in promoting fat loss and improving blood lipids. M. CrossRef 15 Danny Weathers, Jennifer Christie Siemens, Steven W. (2014) Comparison of Weight Loss and Body Composition Changes in Morbidly Obese Taiwanese Patients with Different Bariatric Surgeries: A 1-Year Follow-up Study. Raubenheimer, S. (2015) Sorghum: An Underutilized Cereal Whole Grain with the Potential to Assist in the Prevention of Chronic Disease. Norman. (2016) The therapeutic potential of metabolic hormones in the treatment of age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer disease. CrossRef 131 Sanne Kellebjerg Poulsen, Charlotte Crone, Arne Astrup, Thomas Meinert Larsen. CrossRef 127 Vlad Ratziu, Zachary Goodman, Arun Sanyal. Feldman, C. Lifestyle Issues: Diet. Hurt, Jithinraj Edakkanambeth Varayil, Jon O. CrossRef 137 Michelle Crino, Gary Sacks, Stefanie Vandevijvere, Boyd Swinburn, Bruce Neal. (2014) Independent, additive effects of five dietary variables on. (2015) Comparative effectiveness of plant-based diets for weight loss: A randomized controlled trial of five different diets. CrossRef 104 Lu Qi. Aronne. (2016) NIH working group report-using genomic information to guide weight management: From universal to precision treatment. (2015) Personality, attrition and weight loss in treatment seeking women with obesity. Gallagher, H. Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and LEARN diets for change in weight and related risk factors among overweight premenopausal women: the A to Z Weight Loss Study: a randomized trial. It is therefore not surprising that attendance at group sessions was strongly related to adherence to high-protein or low-fat goals but not to the goals in the average-protein or high-fat groups. H. CrossRef 53 Deborah L. (2015) Concentrating carbohydrates before sleep improves feeding regulation and metabolic and inflammatory parameters in mice. 7, 1. CrossRef 89 (2015) Obesity and reproduction: a committee opinion. Ogunleye, Arya M. Connect with and support other Atkins dieters like yourself through live chat, forums, groups, and more. C. Long-term effects of 2 energy-restricted diets differing in glycemic load on dietary adherence, body composition, and metabolism in CALERIE: a 1-y randomized controlled trial. (2015) Interventions to Address Medical Conditions and Health-Risk Behaviors Among Persons With Serious Mental Illness: A Comprehensive Review. CrossRef 111 Sigal Sofer, Abraham Eliraz, Zecharia Madar, Oren Froy. M. J. Obesity and Diabetes. The crucial question is whether overweight people have a better response in the long term to diets that emphasize a specific macronutrient composition. (2015) Current efforts and trends in the treatment of NASH. CrossRef 94 Harry Preuss, Debasis Bagchi, Dallas Clouatre, Anand Swaroop, Nicholas Perricone. CrossRef 152 O. CrossRef 47 Yasuyuki Nakamura, Hirotsugu Ueshima, Nagako Okuda, Katsuyuki Miura, Yoshikuni Kita, Naoko Miyagawa, Katsushi Yoshita, Hideaki Nakagawa, Kiyomi Sakata, Shigeyuki Saitoh, Tomonori Okamura, Akira Okayama, Sohel R. Bazzano. A. Bemelmans. Jouret, R. Nalliah, Prashanthan Sanders. Most of the weight loss occurred in the first 6 months. CrossRef 140 B. Watson. (2016) Dietary protein from different food sources, incident metabolic syndrome and changes in its components: An 11-year longitudinal study in healthy community-dwelling adults. Protein Intake Throughout Life and Current Dietary Recommendations. Franks, M. Brook Singletary, Adeena Menasha, Clarissa Cooblall, Donald Hantula, Saul Axelrod, Vincent M. Satiety, hunger, satisfaction with the diet, and attendance at group sessions were similar for all diets. (2016) Complex Relationships Between Food, Diet, and the Microbiome. We view attendance at counseling sessions as a proxy for commitment to achieving weight loss and for engagement in the program. e18. Regain after 6 to 12 months was about 20% of the regain reported in earlier trials. CrossRef 133 H P F Peters, W P Koppenol, E A H Schuring, S L Abrahamse, D J Mela. Participants had to be 30 to 70 years of age and have a body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of 25 to 40. Statistical Analysis The primary outcome of the study was the change in body weight over a period of 2 years, and the secondary outcome was the change in waist circumference. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 38:6, 508-554. Strategies for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes. A. (2014) Specific appetite, energetic and metabolomics responses to fat overfeeding in resistant-to-bodyweight-gain constitutional thinness. (2014) Causes of metabolic syndrome and obesity-related co-morbidities Part 1: A composite unifying theory review of human-specific co-adaptations to brain energy consumption. Discussion In this population-based trial, participants were assigned to and taught about diets that emphasized different contents of carbohydrates, fat, and protein and were given reinforcement for 2 years through group and individual sessions. (2014) The Epidemiology of Obesity: A Big Picture. Virgil Brown. Siri-Tarino, Sally Chiu, Nathalie Bergeron, Ronald M. Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 147-178. (2016) Metabolic Syndrome: An Evolving Clinical Construct. The effects of low-carbohydrate versus conventional weight loss diets in severely obese adults: one-year follow-up of a randomized trial. The principal finding is that the diets were equally successful in promoting clinically meaningful weight loss and the maintenance of weight loss over the course of 2 years. Stanner. Cavanaugh, W. CrossRef 116 Chunlong Mu, Yuxiang Yang, Zhen Luo, Weiyun Zhu. J. 5 kg at 6 months, which corresponds to a reduction in daily energy intake of approximately 225 kcal. CrossRef 3 A. (2014) Protein leverage and energy intake. Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease. (2016) Nutrition Interventions for Obesity. Daumit. Lifestyle Intervention for Resumption of Ovulation in Anovulatory Women with Obesity and Infertility. (2016) Physical Activity and Dietary Determinants of Weight Loss Success in the US General Population. 5 cm of waist circumference ( Figure 2 ). Ard, Gary Miller, Scott Kahan. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention 35, 81-92. Randomized trial of protein vs carbohydrate in ad libitum fat reduced diet for the treatment of obesity. Bertin, B. (2015) Technology-Assisted Weight Loss Interventions in Primary Care: A Systematic Review. Hu. Mariotti. Krystal. Pryor. Telem, Darragh Herlihy, Kathryn Cottell, Aurora D. CrossRef 118 O. 3 cm per month of regained waist circumference after withdrawal (see Methods in the Supplementary Appendix ). K. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 45:3, 565-580. Consult your physician or health care provider before beginning the Atkins Diet as you would any other weight loss or weight maintenance program. Behavioral counseling was integrated into the group and individual sessions to promote adherence to the assigned diets. Reavis. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders 15, 317-327. Development of phenolic compounds encapsulation techniques as a major challenge for food industry and for health and nutrition fields. Blot, T. Data were pooled from the diets for the two factorial comparisons: low fat versus high fat and average protein versus high protein. (2016) Randomized clinical trial of portion-controlled prepackaged foods to promote weight loss. A low-fat vegan diet improves glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in a randomized clinical trial in individuals with type 2 diabetes. CrossRef 207 Sophie Hawkesworth, Andrew M. (2016) Endoscopic Bariatric Therapies. Deane, Amarjit Saini, Colin Selman, Claire E. Y. CrossRef 90 Shelby Sullivan, Nitin Kumar, Steven A. Xavier Pi-Sunyer, June Stevens, Victor J. Abstract Background The possible advantage for weight loss of a diet that emphasizes protein, fat, or carbohydrates has not been established, and there are few studies that extend beyond 1 year. (2016) Adherence to Mediterranean diet and 10-year incidence (2002-2012) of diabetes: correlations with inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in the ATTICA cohort study. Millen, Cathy A. Sanders. (2015) Determining how best to support overweight adults to adhere to lifestyle change: protocol for the SWIFT study. Kabagambe. I. Steffen, L.
e10. CrossRef 169 Yan Zheng, Lu Qi. The analysis also included a comparison of two of the four diets, the diet with the lowest carbohydrate content and the diet with the highest carbohydrate content, and included a test for trend across the four levels of carbohydrates. A two-year randomized weight loss trial comparing a vegan diet to a more moderate low-fat diet. Bays, W. Comparison of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone diets for weight loss and heart disease risk reduction: a randomized trial. Results Participants Of 1638 participants who were screened, 811 (50%) were randomly assigned to a diet, and 645 (80% of those assigned) completed the study (i. Calvar, F. Intensive lifestyle changes for reversal of coronary heart disease. Buniak, Louis J. Ebbeling. 12 In addition, trials of low-carbohydrate diets have reported a very low incidence of urinary ketosis after 6 months, 6,8,12 suggesting that in most overweight people, it is futile to sustain a low intake of carbohydrates. Rothman, Donna Ryan. (2014) Unravelling of the health effects of polyphenols is a complex puzzle complicated by metabolism. (2016) Higher protein intake is associated with increased risk for incident end-stage renal disease among blacks with diabetes in the Southern Community Cohort Study. (2016) NAFLD and liver transplantation: Current burden and expected challenges. (2015) Self-Directed Weight Loss Strategies: Energy Expenditure Due to Physical Activity Is Not Increased to Achieve Intended Weight Loss. Wong, M. (NIH publication no. (2015) The effect of a low-energy food foam on appetite measures during a 1-day reduced-energy meal plan. CrossRef 62 T. CrossRef 194 Arne Astrup, Jennie Brand-Miller. (2015) Effect of low-fat diet interventions versus other diet interventions on long-term weight change in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CrossRef 6 Nicola Guess. Preventing Weight Regain after Weight Loss. (2015) Effect of a 4-week weight maintenance diet on circulating hormone levels: implications for clinical weight loss trials. Dinani, Richard I. Kjekshus, Juhani Knuuti, Philippe Kolh, Eli Lev, Christian Mueller, Ludwig Neyses, Peter M. Mattes, Robin M. CrossRef 200 Stephen Anton, John Foreyt, Michael Perri. Conigrave, D. Diabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Williams, K. Johnson, Linda C. 2015. Yao, K. (2015) Primary endoscopic therapies for obesity and metabolic diseases. Devassy, Stephanie P. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 63:25, 2985-3023. (2014) Personalized nutrition and obesity. Seeley, Tamara Darsow, Erika Gebel Berg, Steven R. A low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet versus a low-fat diet to treat obesity and hyperlipidemia: a randomized, controlled trial. The population was diverse with respect to age, income, and geography and included a large percentage of men. K. Measurements Body weight and waist circumference were measured in the morning before breakfast on 2 days at baseline, 6 months, and 2 years, and on a single day at 12 and 18 months. M. Caligiuri, Shyamchand Mayengbam, Naser H. (2015) Determinants of Weight Gain Prevention in Young Adult and Midlife Women: Study Design and Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Reproducibility, power and validity of visual analogue scales in assessment of appetite sensations in single test meal studies. (2016) Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment and Atrial Fibrillation: A Need for Definitive Evidence. Fuss, Edward Saltzman, Susan B. Azrin, Denise Juliano-Bult, Gail L. Conclusions Reduced-calorie diets result in clinically meaningful weight loss regardless of which macronutrients they emphasize. Blood pressure was measured with the use of an automated device (HEM-907XL, Omron). Maslova, T. CrossRef 44 T Wang, T Huang, Y Zheng, J Rood, G A Bray, F M Sacks, L Qi. Barte, Jorien Veldwijk, Pedro J. CrossRef 25 Prapimporn Chattranukulchai Shantavasinkul, Philip Omotosho, Leonor Corsino, Dana Portenier, Alfonso Torquati. Thus, we recognized the need for a large trial that would be designed to overcome the limitations of previous trials and that would compare the effects of three principal dietary macronutrients. (ClinicalTrials. (2016) Paradoxical Effects of Fruit on Obesity. Figueredo, Etienne J. Vassy, Tanya Agurs-Collins,. (2015) Medications for weight loss. 4 percentage points, respectively, at 6 months and 6. CrossRef 46 J. Fasting blood samples, 24-hour urine samples, and measurement of resting metabolic rate were obtained on 1 day, and blood-pressure measurement on 2 days, at baseline, 6 months, and 2 years. (2016) Food preferences and weight change during low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets. Dr. CrossRef 132 Caroline K. (2014) Pre-ordering lunch at work. Carson, J. We used a generic approach to developing each diet and the instructions for following it, in order to minimize such influences. F. Comparison of energy-restricted very low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets on weight loss and body composition in overweight men and women. M. (2015) Obesity: Lifestyle management, bariatric surgery, drugs, and the therapeutic exploitation of gut hormones. M. J. Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Abdominal Obesity, 447-458. (2016) Metabolic syndrome, diet and exercise. We explored the association of achieved nutrient intakes with weight loss. Geiker. Craving, fullness, and hunger and diet-satisfaction scores were similar at 6 months and at 2 years among the diets (Table 2 in the Supplementary Appendix ). A self-regulation program for maintenance of weight loss. Other goals for all groups were that the diets should include 8% or less of saturated fat, at least 20 g of dietary fiber per day, and 150 mg or less of cholesterol per 1000 kcal. CrossRef 188 Jeroen C. (2015) Dietary protein-to-carbohydrate ratio and added sugar as determinants of excessive gestational weight gain: a prospective cohort study. Niu, S. V. W. No diet was considered to be a control diet, and the dietary counseling and the attention that we provided were the same for all diet groups throughout the study period. Arden. The American Journal of Medicine 127, 1242. gov number, NCT00072995. Phipps. CrossRef 143 Catherine J Metzgar, Sharon M Nickols-Richardson. CrossRef 160 Jim Mann, Rachael McLean, Murray Skeaff, Lisa Te Morenga. However, attendance had a strong association with weight loss, and the association was similar across diet groups. NALLIAH, PRASHANTHAN SANDERS, JONATHAN M. Reynolds, T. Carbohydrate-rich foods with a low glycemic index were recommended in each diet. (2016) Epigenetics and nutrition-related epidemics of metabolic diseases: Current perspectives and challenges. Wu. (2015) Health Benefits of Long-Term Weight-Loss Maintenance. Frongillo. (2016) The effects on weight loss and gene expression in adipose and hepatic tissues of very-low carbohydrate and low-fat isoenergetic diets in diet-induced obese mice. Ard. House, Harold M. 2015. L. (2014) Effects of Dietary Macronutrients on Plasma Lipid Levels and the Consequence for Cardiovascular Disease. CrossRef 156 Anne-Thea McGill. (2015) Management of obesity: improvement of health-care training and systems for prevention and care. Should you have any health care-related questions, please call or see your physician or other health care provider. The diets improved lipid-related risk factors and fasting insulin levels. (2016) Impact of intermittent fasting on health and disease processes. (2015) NIH working group report: Innovative research to improve maintenance of weight loss. A. (2014) Weight reduction and maintenance with IQP-PV-101: A 12-week randomized controlled study with a 24-week open label period. CrossRef 70 F. Stanton. Saris, Arne Astrup. (2015) National Lipid Association Recommendations for Patient-Centered Management of Dyslipidemia: Part 2. (2016) The National Obesity Forum report is an opinion piece not a scientific review. Bazzano. (2015) Metabolomic analysis reveals distinct profiles in the plasma and urine of rats fed a high-protein diet. Simpson. (2016) Surgical Weight Loss and Atrial Fibrillation. (2016) A Review of Population-Level Actions Targeting Reductions in Food Portion Sizes to Address Obesity and Related Non-communicable Diseases. Jonnalagadda, Michael Larsen, Christopher C. Participants were instructed to record their food and beverage intake in a daily food diary and in a Web-based self-monitoring tool that provided information on how closely their daily food intake met the goals for macronutrients and energy. Astrup, N. CrossRef 196 A. CrossRef 100 Preeshila Behary, Jaimini Cegla, Tricia M. Ikizler, L. Kopp. (2014) Metabolic syndrome and lifestyle modification. Millen, Cathy A. In contrast, the participants in the high-protein or low-fat groups had more challenging dietary goals. (2016) Behavioral Treatment of the Patient with Obesity. Johner, K. Minniti, G. Thus, two diets were low-fat and two were high-fat, and two were average-protein and two were high-protein, constituting a two-by-two factorial design. Stewart. The participants were eager to lose weight and to attempt whatever type of diet they were assigned, and they did well in screening interviews and questionnaires that evaluated their motivation. CrossRef 20 Yoriko Heianza, Wenjie Ma, Tao Huang, Tiange Wang, Yan Zheng, Steven R. The diets consisted of similar foods and met guidelines for cardiovascular health. Mintz, Laura Schopp. CrossRef 21 W Ma, T Huang, M Wang, Y Zheng, T Wang, Y Heianza, D Sun, S R Smith, G A Bray, F M Sacks, L Qi. Kramer. Simpson, David Raubenheimer. Tucker. Ebeling, Kerrie M. (2016) Diets High in Fat or Fructose Differentially Modulate Bone Health and Lipid Metabolism. (2016) Through Thick and Thin: Identifying Barriers to Bariatric Surgery, Weight Loss Maintenance, and Tailoring Obesity Treatment for the Future. (2016) Using a wider lens to shift the discourse on food in Canadian curriculum policies. Rolls, R. CrossRef 180 Michael Liebman. A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity. Spiro, S. Roberts. Sacks is a member of the Lifestyle Working Group of the Expert Panel that interacts with the Obesity Committee. (2016) Genetic variation of fasting glucose and changes in glycemia in response to 2-year weight-loss diet intervention: the POUNDS LOST trial. (2015) Biologic Responses to Weight Loss and Weight Regain: Report From an American Diabetes Association Research Symposium. Johnson, Nikhil V. CrossRef 150 E E J G Aller, T M Larsen, H Claus, A K Lindroos, A Kafatos, A Pfeiffer, J A Martinez, T Handjieva-Darlenska, M Kunesova, S Stender, W H M Saris, A Astrup, M A van Baak. Endoluminal Procedures for the Treatment and Management of Bariatric Patients. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 68:23, 2505-2507. Goldberg, Anton Stalenhoef. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases 11, 431-435. Hills, N. (2014) The Effects of a Mediterranean Diet on the Need for Diabetes Drugs and Remission of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: Follow-up of a Randomized Trial. Williams, Rachel C. Piepoli, Piotr Ponikowski, Per Anton Sirnes, Juan Luis Tamargo, Michal Tendera, Adam Torbicki, William Wijns, Stephan Windecker, Guy De Backer, Per Anton Sirnes, Eduardo Alegria Ezquerra, Angelo Avogaro, Lina Badimon, Elena Baranova, Helmut Baumgartner, John Betteridge, Antonio Ceriello, Robert Fagard, Christian Funck-Brentano, Dietrich C. (2016) Gut Microbiota and Lifestyle Interventions in NAFLD. Ibrahim, Peter Zahradka, Carla G. Effects of moderate variations in macronutrient composition on weight loss and reduction in cardiovascular disease risk in obese, insulin-resistant adults. CrossRef 124 Yehuda Handelsman, Zachary Bloomgarden, George Grunberger, Guillermo Umpierrez, Robert Zimmerman, Timothy Bailey, Lawrence Blonde, George Bray, A. Thus, changes in biomarkers confirmed that differences among the groups in macronutrient intake were consistent with those recorded in the dietary reports and that participants modified their intake of macronutrients in the direction of the goals, although the targets were not fully achieved. Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods in Human Health and Disease Prevention, 327-340. We performed an intention-to-treat analysis in which long-term weight loss for persons who withdrew from the study early (after at least 6 months of participation) was imputed on the basis of a rate of 0. Halldorsson, A. Yanovski. CrossRef 129 Tao Huang, Jinyan Huang, Qibin Qi, Yanping Li, George A. Nonas, F. CrossRef 8 Shivakumar Chitturi, Geoffrey C. Launch Low Carb Meal Solution for Health-Conscious Consumers. (2015) ASGE position statement on endoscopic bariatric therapies in clinical practice. Ziegler, E. We caution that these post hoc analyses do not have the strong validity of the main analysis of this controlled trial, which compared randomized groups. (2016) Two-year changes in circulating adiponectin, ectopic fat distribution and body composition in response to weight-loss diets: the POUNDS Lost Trial. CrossRef 199 Barbara Grube, Wen-Fen Chong, Pee-Win Chong, Linda Riede. R. After 12 months, all groups, on average, slowly regained body weight. Obesity Management for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. CrossRef 24 Xirong Zheng, Jing Deng, Ting Zhang, Jianzhuang Yao, Fang Zheng, Chang-Guo Zhan. (2014) Differences in weight loss and health outcomes among African Americans and whites in multicentre trials. A. 2016. Effect of an energy-restricted, high-protein, low-fat diet relative to a conventional low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet on weight loss, body composition, nutritional status, and markers of cardiovascular health in obese women. 2016. CrossRef 149 Adela Hruby, Frank B. CrossRef 7 Hans Hauner. Yancy. (2015) Predictors of a successful medical weight loss program. Wingo, T. A randomized trial comparing a very low carbohydrate diet and a calorie-restricted low fat diet on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy women. Appetite. E. Bray, MD: Progress in Obesity—Multidisciplinary Research, Multidimensional Man. A high-protein intake was associated with weight loss only in the high-protein groups, and a low-fat intake was associated with weight loss only in the low-fat groups. Comparison of strategies for sustaining weight loss: the Weight Loss Maintenance randomized controlled trial. Ludwig, C. The project staff of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute also participated in the development of the protocol, monitoring of progress, interpretation of results, and critical review of the manuscript. Effects of Different Dietary Fibers on Sugar-Induced Blood Pressure Elevations in Hypertensive Rats: Focus on Viscosity. The participants were offered group and individual instructional sessions for 2 years. Genotype Modifies Effects of Weight-Loss Diets on 2-Year Changes of Central Adiposity and Body Composition: The POUNDS Lost Trial. (2015) Gene-environment interactions and obesity: recent developments and future directions. Staff and participants were taught that each diet adhered to principles of a healthful diet 29 and that each had been recommended for long-term weight loss, thereby establishing equipoise. (2015) The diet-heart hypothesis, obesity and diabetes. 0, 4. CrossRef 86 Deirdre K Tobias, Mu Chen, JoAnn E Manson, David S Ludwig, Walter Willett, Frank B Hu. 11,12,19,21,26 Substantially diminished adherence after the first few months is typical in weight-loss trials 5,6,8,10-12,19,21,24,26 and occurred between 6 months and 2 years in our trial. (2014) Personalized weight loss strategies—the role of macronutrient distribution. Krumhar. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 116:6, 968-983. M. CrossRef 119 Harry Preuss, Dallas Clouatre. L. CrossRef 59 Cinthya Wibisono, Yasmine Probst, Elizabeth Neale, Linda Tapsell. Wood, R. Davidson, Sara Wilcox. CrossRef 159 Peter C. P. M. W. Ziegler, E. Associations between adherence to the fat and protein goals and weight loss were also explored in post hoc analyses (see Methods in the Supplementary Appendix ). A. 2015. Wolfe, Susan Z. The role of dietary energy density in weight management. Bertin, B. Sacks is also vice-chair of the Nutrition Committee of the American Heart Association, which advises the Association on nutrition topics, including those related to overweight and obesity. Adherence, Diet Acceptability, Satiety, and Satisfaction Mean reported intakes at 6 months and 2 years did not reach the target levels for macronutrients ( Table 2 ). (2014) Differences in Weight Loss Across Different BMI Classes:A Meta-analysis of the Effects of Interventions with Diet and Exercise. Attendance at group sessions was associated with adherence to the fat and protein goals only in the high-protein and low-fat groups ( Figure 4 ). The goal for physical activity was 90 minutes of moderate exercise per week. These changes in risk factors in the intention-to-treat population were about 30 to 40% smaller than the changes seen among participants who provided data at 2 years, reflecting the effect of the imputation of missing values (Table 1 in the Supplementary Appendix ). Disclaimer: Nothing contained on this Site is intended to provide health care advice. I. Rothstein. Hollman. 2015. B. (2014) Treatment options for hypertriglyceridemia: From risk reduction to pancreatitis. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 1, 201-213. CrossRef 154 Megan A. (2014) Eat for Life: A Work Site Feasibility Study of a Novel Mindfulness-Based Intuitive Eating Intervention. (2016) Impact of food supplementation on weight loss in randomised-controlled dietary intervention trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mattes. CrossRef 178 (2014) Expert panel report: Guidelines (2013) for the management of overweight and obesity in adults. CrossRef 80 Qibin Qi, Yan Zheng, Tao Huang, Jennifer Rood, George A. (2016) Meta-analysis of variance: an illustration comparing the effects of two dietary interventions on variability in weight. Cohen, Samuel Dagogo-Jack, Jaime Davidson, Daniel Einhorn, Om Ganda, Alan Garber, W. 4, and 10. Malhotra, K. Despite the intensive behavioral counseling in our study, participants had difficulty achieving the goals for macronutrient intake of their assigned group. CrossRef 181 Katherine Esposito, Maria Ida Maiorino, Michela Petrizzo, Giuseppe Bellastella, Dario Giugliano. Smith, Robert Ratner. European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy 1, 74-75. CrossRef 148 Je Rossouw. Alfredo Martinez, Santiago Navas-Carretero, Wim H. Whelton, J. (2014) New Pharmacological Treatments for the Management of Obesity. CrossRef 73 Donevan Westerveld, Dennis Yang. CrossRef 155 Emilie Daoud, Celena Scheede-Bergdahl, Andreas Bergdahl. Urban, Sai Krupa Das. (2016) Effects of diet composition on weight loss, metabolic factors and biomarkers in a 1-year weight loss intervention in obese women examined by baseline insulin resistance status. (2014) Lifestyle Interventions for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction: A Systematic Review of the Effects of Diet Composition, Food Provision, and Treatment Modality on Weight Loss. The study was powered to detect a 1. Kurland, Stefan Judex. Driver, Neil J. Weight loss with a low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or low-fat diet. Gordon, D. (2016) The Effects of Increased Protein Intake on Fullness: A Meta-Analysis and Its Limitations. The ratio of urinary microalbumin to creatinine was more than 30 in five participants in the average-protein group and in five participants in the high-protein group at 6 months and in seven participants, all in the average-protein groups, at 2 years. The primary outcome was the change in body weight after 2 years in two-by-two factorial comparisons of low fat versus high fat and average protein versus high protein and in the comparison of highest and lowest carbohydrate content. (2016) Potential anti-obesity effects of a long-acting cocaine hydrolase. ) Full Text of Discussion. Brown. De Sousa, Robert J. Gooding, H. CrossRef 66 Patrick Wilson. (2014) A Brief Review of Critical Processes in Exercise-Induced Muscular Hypertrophy. (2014) When and why carbohydrate restriction can be a viable option. Dietary intake in the lower Mississippi delta region: results from the Foods of Our Delta Study. Menendez, Jorge Joven. (2015) Reducing weight in an internal medicine outpatient clinic using a lifestyle medicine approach: A proof of concept. Mordes, Chao Liu, Shuhang Xu. Results of the what to eat for lunch study. Major criteria for exclusion were the presence of diabetes or unstable cardiovascular disease, the use of medications that affect body weight, and insufficient motivation as assessed by interview and questionnaire. Long-term weight maintenance and cardiovascular risk factors are not different following weight loss on carbohydrate-restricted diets high in either monounsaturated fat or protein in obese hyperinsulinemic men and women. Colombari, A. Yancy. (2014) Dietary Patterns May Sustain Weight Loss among Adults. CrossRef 130 E. (2014) Reply: Totality of evidence needed for nutrition recommendations. Effects of total fat intake on body weight. Olsen. CrossRef 113 Lee Hooper, Nicole Martin, Asmaa Abdelhamid, George Davey Smith, Lee Hooper. 2015. Marchesini. Levels of serum lipids, glucose, insulin, and glycated hemoglobin were measured at the clinical laboratory at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center. W. Participation in exercise was monitored by questionnaire 30 and by the online self-monitoring tool. CrossRef 157 Harry Preuss, Jeffrey Preuss. (2014) Executive summary: Guidelines (2013) for the management of overweight and obesity in adults. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 45:3, 581-604. Longo, Michelle Harvie. Blinding was maintained by the use of similar foods for each diet. Conformity to cultural norms, scientific novelty, and media attention are nonbiologic reasons for the success of specific diets. Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee. (2015) An energy-reduced dietary pattern, including moderate protein and increased nonfat dairy intake combined with walking promotes beneficial body composition and metabolic changes in women with excess adiposity: a randomized comparative trial. (2015) Treatment of Obesity in 2015. Crowe. The Molecular Nutrition of Amino Acids and Proteins, 13-25. CrossRef 32 Satya Sharma, Hea Chung, Hyeon Kim, Seong Hong. Hoes, Paulus Kirchhof, Juhani Knuuti, Philippe Kolh, Patrizio Lancellotti, Ales Linhart, Petros Nihoyannopoulos, Massimo F. CrossRef 85 Tao Huang, Frank B Hu.
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